Natural Family Planning International

Saint John Paul II endorsed the UNICEF recommendation that mothers breastfeed their children “up to the second year of life or beyond” because “the overwhelming body of research is in favor of natural feeding rather than its substitutes.” (May 12, 1995)

The scientific evidence indicated that breastfeeding can protect against dental caries in early childhood. (Public Library of Science, November 2015)

This study discussed the various health benefits of breastfeeding. Some of the benefits were: higher rates of mortality among infants never breastfed compared to those exclusively breastfed in the first six months of life and receiving continued breastfeeding beyond. Otitis media occurs nearly twice as frequently among those not exclusively breastfed in the first six months. Many of the benefits of breastfeeding are experienced after breastfeeding is stopped. Children who were breastfed have a lower risk of obesity, higher intelligence quotients, reduced malocclusion and less asthma. Breastfeeding mothers likewise benefit from having breastfed, with lower rates of breast cancer, ovarian cancer, type II diabetes and postpartum depression. These multiple benefits of breastfeeding demonstrate the contribution and relevance of breastfeeding as a global public health issue, for low- and high-income populations alike.  (Acta Paediatrics, online November 4, 2015)

This study was carried out on more than 1000 children who were studied from birth until they were 10 years old.  Those not breastfed gained weight and stayed heavier than breastfed children right up to age 10.  The conclusion was that babies should not be given cow’s milk as their main drink before the age of 12 months. (American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, November 12, 2015)

Breastfeeding benefits include less risk for eye problems in premature babies. The lead researcher of this study involving preterm infants said: “Theoretically, exclusive human milk feeding could potentially prevent 8 percent (160,000) very preterm infants from severe retinopathy of prematurity globally. That is an enormous influence and prevents thousands of preterm infants from blindness or visual impairment.” (The Journal of Pediatrics, online November 16, 2015)

Lactation may prevent diabetes mellitus after gestational diabetes mellitus delivery. (Annals of Internal Medicine, November 24, 2015)

This study aimed to assess optimal breastfeeding practices of 0–6 month infants using breastfeeding performance index (BPI) and its association with childhood illness in Ethiopia.  More than 80 % of the infants did not receive optimal breastfeeding practices based on the Breastfeeding Performance Index. Lower BPI was statistically associated with diarrhea, fever and short and rapid breaths illness in the last 2 weeks of this study dealing with infants up to six months of age.  This study implicates the importance of optimal breastfeeding to reduce childhood illness.  (International Breastfeeding Journal, November 27, 2015)

A team from the University of Manitoba studied 334,553 deliveries over a 24-year period. A total of 60,088 of the births were to mothers from indigenous communities, where rates of gestational diabetes are up to three times higher than among non-indigenous mothers. Breastfeeding was recorded in 56% of indigenous mothers and 83% of non-indigenous mothers.
The researchers found that breastfeeding was associated with a 14% reduced risk of type 2 diabetes among indigenous mothers, and a 23% reduced risk among non-indigenous mothers.
Overall, they found a 18% lower risk among all children, regardless of ethnicity. (World Diabetes Congress, Vancouver, December 2015)

Breastfeeding between pregnancies is a natural, economic and simple way to manage a mother’s weight which can help lower the risk of stillbirth and infant death. (New Zealand Breastfeeding Alliance, December 3, 2015)

Full breastfeeding at 3 months postpartum appeared to be negatively associated with postnatal depressive symptoms for mothers residing in Sabah, Malaysia. (Journal of Human Lactation, online December 7, 2015)

Breastfeeding for 6-12 months significantly reduced the risk of severe hand, foot, and mouth disease, as did breastfeeding for more than 12 months. (The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, online December 8, 2015)

Breastfeeding is potentially inversely associated with thyroid cancer risk. Also longer duration of breastfeeding may further decrease thyroid cancer risk.  (Clinical Nutrition, online December 17, 2015)

Kangaroo mother care (KMC), an intervention that facilitates skin-to-skin contact between newborn and mother, can substantially reduce mortality in low-birth-weight newborns. KMC can decrease the risk of neonatal sepsis, hypothermia, hypoglycemia, hospital readmission, and increase the likelihood of exclusive breast-feeding. (Pediatrics, online December 23, 2015)

Sheila Kippley
The Seven Standards of Ecological Breastfeeding: The Frequency Factor

Saint John Paul II endorsed the UNICEF recommendation that mothers breastfeed their children “up to the second year of life or beyond” because “the overwhelming body of research is in favor of natural feeding rather than its substitutes.” (May 12, 1995)

Breastfeeding protects against acute otitis media (AOM) until 2 years of age, but protection is greater for exclusive breastfeeding and breastfeeding of longer duration. Exclusive breastfeeding during the first 6 months was associated with around a 43% reduction in ever having AOM in the first 2 years of life. (Acta Paediatrica, online August 2015)

Lactation may have long-term benefits that lower cardiovascular disease risk in women.  The researchers found that the less time a woman breastfed, the thicker her carotid arteries. (Obstetrics & Gynecology, August 2015)

Indigenous infants in Canada experience gastrointestinal infection, lower-respiratory infections (such as pneumonia) and ear infections “in excess frequency” and are “disproportionately affected” by sudden infant death syndrome.  These infections could be reduced if these babies were breastfed.  For example, the Inuit babies suffered fewer infections after they were breastfed by their mothers. Hospitalization cases also underwent a sharp decline after the babies got their mother’s milk.  This was what nature and nurture had meant for them to have. It was their birthright. Nature is never wrong. It is we who transgress against its rules and thus cause our own ruination.
The following comment was found in this research:  “Everybody knows that there is no bond greater than the mother-infant symbiosis. And it is exemplified in the act of breastfeeding. The child also acquires its language in a primitive and primordial way. That is through the mother’s milk. It is no coincidence that the word for mother in all languages starts with an “m”. That is because that is the sound an infant makes while suckling at its mother’s breast.  The little baby gets its identity as a human being via intimate bonding with its mother. And the benefits of immunity from infectious diseases is just one of the payoffs.”  (Canadian Journal of Public Health, August 17, 2015)

Women with multiple sclerosis who breastfeed exclusively should be supported to do so since it does not increase the risk of postpartum relapse. Relapse in the first six months postpartum may be diminished by exclusive breastfeeding.   (JAMA Neutrology, August 31, 2015)

Breastfeeding was found to be inversely associated with pediatric cancer in our study. (Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, online August 13, 2015; published Sept. 2015)

Breastfeeding is associated with a lower risk of rheumatoid arthritis, no matter if breastfeeding time is longer or shorter than 12 months. (The Journal of Rheumatology, September 1, 2015)

African Americans have lower breastfeeding rates and high obesity rates higher compared to other ethnicities in the United States.  Current research suggests a protective effect of breastfeeding against childhood obesity in this high-risk population. Primary care providers and other healthcare workers need to address breastfeeding benefits  to African American women. (American Journal of Maternal Child Nursing, Sept-Oct 2015)

We have 162 million people worldwide under the age of 5 years who are chronically malnourished and stunted. Six million of these children die every year.  Breastfeeding is one answer to the problem.  Mothers need to breastfeed their babies and to have breastfeeding be socially acceptable in their country. (Breastfeeding Medicine, October 2, 2015)

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting the spine and pelvis of young adults. This study suggests a breastfeeding-induced protective effect on the occurrence of AS. (Annals of Rheumatic Diseases, online October 12, 2015)

The risk of all-cause mortality was lower for women who had children versus those women who never had children and for those who had breastfed versus those who had never breastfed. (BMC Medicine, October 30, 2015)

Sheila Kippley
The Seven Standards of Ecological Breastfeeding: The Frequency Factor

Saint John Paul II endorsed the UNICEF recommendation that mothers breastfeed their children “up to the second year of life or beyond” because “the overwhelming body of research is in favor of natural feeding rather than its substitutes.” (May 12, 1995)

Mothers who breastfeed their children suffer from less cardiovascular disorders, including hypertension, than those women who have never done it.  Breastfeeding has a positive impact on the mother and child´s blood pressure level, both in the short term and the long term. (Nutrición Hospitalaria, May 2015)

Researchers found that breastfeeding for six months or more was linked with a 19 percent lower risk of childhood leukemia compared to children who were breastfed for a shorter period of time, or never at all.  Leukemia accounts for about 30% of all childhood cancer.  Breastfeeding is a highly accessible, low-cost public health measure. This meta-analysis indicates that promoting breastfeeding for 6 months or more may help lower childhood leukemia incidence, in addition to its other health benefits for children and mothers. (JAMA Pediatrics, June 2015)

Exclusive breastfeeding up to 6 months of age prevents childhood diseases and disorders and should be an effective population strategy to prevent malocclusion. (Pediatrics, online June 15, 2015)

The reduction in breast cancer risk is estimated at 2% for an increase of 5 months of lifetime breastfeeding. The longer women breastfeed, the more they are protected against breast cancer. (Cancer Epidemiology, online June 25, 2015)

A longer duration of breastfeeding was inversely associated with the risk of endometrial cancer, especially in North America. (Nutrients, July 2015)

Breastfeeding decreases the risk of malocclusions.  This meta-analysis involved 41 studies.  (Acta Paediatrica, July 2015)

Breastfeeding is associated with a lower risk of rheumatoid arthritis, no matter if breastfeeding time is longer or shorter than 12 months. (Journal of Rheumatology, online July 2015)

A recent, significant evaluation had been made of the effect of pollution particle matter (PM2.5) on the development of motor capacity and that of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) on mental development between the prenatal phase and until the baby is 15 months old.  A study indicated that the harmful effect of PM2.5 pollution particle matter and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) disappears in breastfed babies during the first four months of life. According to the results of the research, breastfeeding plays a protective role in the presence of these two atmospheric pollutants. (Environmental International, July 2015; 33-40)

Breast cancer is considered a global public health problem and is the type most frequently diagnosed in Mexican women. The practice of breastfeeding and the time of exclusive breastfeeding were protective against the risk of breast cancer. (Nutrición Hospitalaria, July 2015)

The findings of this study support the protective effects of longer duration of breastfeeding against obesity and asthma. The authors propose a new mechanism for a relationship between breastfeeding and asthma: shorter breastfeeding compromises infant health and thereby leads to antibiotic treatment which in turn increases the risk of asthma. (Breastfeeding Medicine, July-August 2015)

Sheila Kippley
The Seven Standards of Ecological Breastfeeding: The Frequency Factor